翻译技巧：英语形容词翻译的小窍门
时间：2021-07-02 14:25:39
你了解英语翻译吗?英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处，翻译时往往能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。下面小编就和大家分享翻译技巧：英语形容词翻译的小窍门，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
翻译技巧：英语形容词翻译的小窍门
一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配，有时可译成否定句。
1. These goods are in short supply.
这些货物供应不足。
2. This equation is far from being complicated.
这个方程一定也不复杂。
二、为了使译文自然流畅，读起来顺口，在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字。
1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
这是我度过最愉快的一天。
2. It is easy to compress a gas.
气体很容易压缩。
三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构1到100的英语单词。
1. She spoke in a high voice.
她讲话声音很尖。
2. This engine develops a high torque.
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。
四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰，英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序。
1. a large brick conference hall
一个用砖砌的大会议厅
2. a plastic garden chair
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词，同连系动词构成复合谓语时，翻译时可将形容词译成动词。
1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。
2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.
他诚恳地忏悔过去，并保证永远不再玩汽车。
六、由于语言习惯不同，英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词。
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.
我要对每一个人都亲切、温柔、甜蜜。
2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family.
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country.
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家
2020上半年翻译资格考试一级笔译考试精选习题
How to Deal with a Changing Workplace: Worry Less, Prepare More
工作环境变化应如何应对?少担忧，多准备
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,” President Franklin Roosevelt told the country in 1933. His message came amid the epic unemployment of the Great Depression, but the same fear over jobs is very much alive today.
美国前总统富兰克林·罗斯福在1933年曾向国家宣布：“我们唯一值得恐惧的是恐惧本身。”他是在美国大萧条期间失业潮肆虐时发表的这番讲话。然而，人们如今又陷入了同样的失业恐惧当中。
More than 75% of U.S. households are anxious about job loss related to automation, artificial intelligence, and globalization, according to former U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Penny Pritzker. Speaking at Fortune’s Brainstorm Tech conference in Aspen, Colo., on last Monday, Pritzker said this fear is unhealthy and that the country has to do more to prepare Americans for a changing workplace.
美国商务部前任部长佩妮·普利茨克称，超过75%的美国家庭对自动化、人工智能和全球化引发的工作岗位消失感到担忧。普利茨克上周一在科罗拉多州阿斯彭市举办的《财富》科技头脑风暴大会上讲话时指出，这种恐惧是不健康的，而且美国应开展更多的工作，帮助美国人应对工作环境的变化。
“In the U.S., there’s a friction between education and being ready for work. We need to make it easier for people to get skills,” said Pritzker, who led a task force by the Council on Foreign Relations that recently issued a major report on the issue.
普利茨克说：“在美国，教育和职业培训之间存在摩擦。我们应提供更多的便利，帮助人们获取相关技能。”外交关系委员会的一个工作组最近围绕该议题发布了一篇重要报道，该工作组的负责人便是普利茨克。
She added that the U.S. should emulate the likes of Germany and Switzerland, and boost the amount of practical apprenticeships available to Americans. Pritzker also stressed that American families need to see a career path from the tenth grade into a workplace in which robots and machine learning will have a bigger and bigger place.
她还指出，美国应效仿德国和瑞士的做法，为美国民众提供更多实用的实习机会。普利茨克还强调，美国家庭应看到，孩子们从十年级开始便有一条直通职场的道路，而且在未来职场中，机器人和机器学习将发挥越来越大的作用。
This notion that the country must spend less time fearing automation, and more time preparing for it is shared by Bradley Tusk, who runs the venture capital firm Tusk Ventures. He cited the example of automated trucking, which will eliminate jobs but also give rise to new ones.
美国不应耗费过多的时间去恐惧自动化，而是应该投入更多的精力为现状做准备，这一观点也得到了布拉德利·塔斯克的首肯。布拉德利运营着风投资本公司Tusk Ventures。他列举了自动化卡车运输这个案例，虽然它导致了一些工作的消亡，但也催生出了一些新工作。
Pritzker and Tusk also identified immigration as another pain point in the U.S. workforce.
普利茨克和塔斯克还发现，移民是美国劳动力的另一个痛点。
“If you look at the polling, and get the politics out of it, you see Americans want legal immigration to work well,” said Tusk, who says immigration is among many controversial topics on which most of the country agrees. The trouble, he added, is the current political system, in which activist primary voters hold sway, thwarts compromise and consensus.
塔斯克表示：“如果看看民调，并剔除其中的政治因素，我们就会知道，美国民众希望这些合法移民能够很好地工作。”他还指出，移民是众多颇具争议的话题之一，这一点大多数国家都有同感。他表示，问题的源头在于当前的政治体系，其中，激进的初选民众处于统治地位，而反对者则不断妥协并与其达成共识。
Tusk said on stage at Brainstorm Tech on last Monday that the country needs a simpler voting system, in which citizens could cast ballots with their smartphones. He claimed this would increase voter participation and elect more politicians who would enact middle-of-the-road solutions on immigration and other issues.
塔斯克上周一在科技头脑风暴大会的演讲中指出，美国应简化其投票系统，从而让其民众可以通过其智能手机投票。他表示，此举将提升选民的参与度，同时选出更多能够围绕移民和其他问题，推出中间方案的政客。
Solving the immigration impasse may also be critical to the future health of the American workforce. According to Pritzker, immigration is driving growth in foreign cities like Toronto, while the U.S. is pursuing policies, including restrictions on spousal visas, that make it harder to attract talent.
解决移民僵局可能对于美国未来劳动力的健康度至关重要。普利茨克称，移民正在推动多伦多这类城市的增长，而美国奉行的政策，包括配偶签证限制，加大了美国吸引人才的难度。
“It’s crazy to say you get an H1-b visa but your spouse can’t work,” she said.
她说：“你拿到了H1-b签证，但你的配偶却不能工作，这一点听起来真的是不可思议。”
Both Pritzker and Tusk said, for now, the U.S. government may not be able to muster the political will to solve the hard questions over training and immigration. Instead, they said the best chance for reform may come from state and local politicians.
普利茨克和塔斯克都曾表示，如今，美国政府可能无法揽获足够的政治意愿，来解决职业培训和移民这类难题。然而，他们说，最有可能出现的改革可能会源于州或当地的政客。
2020上半年翻译资格考试一级笔译考试精选习题
Inside the Pop-up Economy
几千块就能开家小店?英国出现“快闪店”电商平台
In the dirge of news about retail failure, where once impregnable institutions like House of Fraser and Marks and Spencer are now husks of their former selves, the high street would seem to be in mortal danger. Right? Wrong, says Ross Bailey, a 26-year-old retail entrepreneur: “The problem is that most high-street stores are crap.”
零售企业纷纷倒下。曾经坚不可摧的House of Fraser和马莎百货(Marks and Spencer)如今都只剩下一具躯壳。挽歌唱响，高街零售业似乎走到了生死关头。难道不对吗?当然不对!在26岁的零售企业家罗斯·贝利(Ross Bailey)看来，“问题出在大多数高街百货商店品质堪忧。”
Lest we forget, 90 per cent of sales are still made in bricks-and-mortar buildings. But shorter leases, changing consumer loyalties and online stores have changed the way we shop. And traditional stores are increasingly being replaced by more short-term “pop-up” solutions.
先提醒一句，目前社会消费品销售总额的90%仍是在实体店完成的。但随着商铺租约的缩短，消费者忠诚度不断变化，加上电商的发展，我们的购物方式也在改变。此外，传统商店正逐步让位于经营期限更短的“快闪”(Pop-up)模式。
“The death of the high street is grossly exaggerated,” Bailey continues. “It dies when it’s homogenous and uninteresting. When it’s done right, it’s a totally different story.”
“高街的衰亡被过分夸大了。”贝利接着说道，“如果高街零售商继续同质化经营和无趣，消亡是不可避免的。但如果经营得当，情况会完全不同。”
In 2012, Bailey founded Appear Here, an online marketplace for short-term retail designed to disrupt the commercial space. Brands go to the website to search for a space, book a time slot and earmark a budget and then Appear Here connects them with a landlord.
2012年，贝利创建了零售商铺短租平台Appear Here，旨在颠覆商业地产市场。品牌可以通过该平台搜索场地，列出时间段和预算，而Appear Here则会为他们介绍房东。
If the brand and the landlord are a match, the deal goes ahead. Some shops pop up for only a week, others rent for years – either way, it’s a “pay as you go” business, where even the most powerful brands can test a new market without long-term commitment.
如果品牌与房东的要求匹配，就达成交易。一些商铺仅摆设一周时间，有些则会租上数年——无论哪种，都采取“现收现付”模式。就连那些最有影响力的品牌都可以通过这种模式来试水新市场，而不必签下长期合约。
Today, Bailey oversees a network that includes 160,000 brands and 6,000 retail spaces, throughout London, Paris and New York, and represents every kind of business, from the tiniest market-stall artisans to the most powerful brands in the world, such as Apple, Nike and Louis Vuitton. And the shops just keep popping.
如今，贝利的服务范围包括16万个品牌和6000个零售场地，覆盖了伦敦、巴黎和纽约全城，遍布每一个行业——从最微小的市场摆摊手艺人，到苹果、耐克和路易威登等全球最有影响力的品牌。且快闪商店还在持续增多。
This week, Appear Here launches its next innovation, a six-part collection of modular furniture designed for short-term retail. The pieces can be rented by the week, come in three different finishes, and include everything the modern shopkeeper might need, from a hanging rail to a fitting room to a shelving unit and a cash desk.
日前，Appear Here推出了又一项创新：由6部分组成的模块家具。这套家具专门为短租零售而设计。家具可以按周租赁，有三种不同漆面，包括了现代商店可能用到的一切：从衣架、试衣间，到货架和收银台。
The collection was designed by Richard Found, whose day job is tending to the look of luxury commercial spaces. He describes the fixtures as “ego-less”, with a focus on “pure design”. All can be adapted to any environment and it’s sleek, simple – and idiot-proof.
这套家具由理查德·方德(Richard Found)设计，他的正业是为奢侈品牌设计门店。在他眼中，这些固定装置做到了“无我”，专注于“纯设计”。所有装置都能适应各种环境，造型流线，简洁，且易于安装。
The incentives for such a collaboration are many. First, it will scale the business, increasing Appear Here’s profile as a one-stop pop-up platform through which you can also staff and service your store. Second, it will offer even the humblest of retailers a little more luxury gloss.
合作设计这样一套家具是出于多项考虑。首先，这样能促进规模化运营，提升Appear Here作为一站式快闪平台的形象——人们可以通过该平台为商店雇人和购买服务。其次，这能为哪怕是最不起眼的零售商增添一丝高级感。
Both are feeling bullish about the future of the high street. But they insist it must adapt. “Your store doesn’t need to be in one place anymore,” says Bailey. “Before, if you didn’t have your store, your business was over because where would the person find you? Now you’ve always got a presence that exists.”
对于高街零售业的未来，二人都持乐观态度。但他们坚称高街必须适应新形势。“你的商店没必要固守在一个地方。”贝利表示，“以前，倘若没有自己的店面，你的生意就完了，因为人们该去哪里找你?但现在你永远都有实体窗口。”
And he’s persuasive on the power of the pop-up as a marketing tool. “Digital direct-to-consumer brands are now paying so much for digital advertising.” With social-media reach and the right user-friendly experience, “one little shop can create something that builds a connection with millions of people that don’t even happen to walk past it. Experience is a currency that spreads.”
此外，他关于快闪店营销功能的看法也非常有说服力。“目前，直接面向消费者(DTC)的数字品牌在数字广告方面投入巨大。”有了社交媒体的宣传，再能提供友好的用户体验，“一家小店可以与数百万消费者建立联系，哪怕这些消费者并没有亲自路过。体验就是流通货币。”
Bailey’s hope is that the pop-up will help make the high street “a place of discovery” once more. “Anyone can have a shop,” he says.
贝利希望，快闪模式能帮助高街零售商店再一次成为“充满发现之地”。 “人人都能开店。”
Some of his favourite anecdotes concern the more unusual enterprises he’s helped bring to life – like the parents who, in lieu of an iPad, bought their son a ?600 birthday pop-up from which to launch his T-shirt brand for two weeks.
他最喜欢讲的一些趣事，就是他帮助实现的那些不寻常的店铺——例如，一对父母花费600英镑，给他们的儿子买了一个为期两周的快闪店作为生日礼物，而不是iPad，用来发布他的T恤品牌。
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