英语翻译之高级口译技巧
时间：2021-07-02 14:17:51
口译是英语翻译的一个重要技能，口译的技巧有句式调整，断句和巧用连词，调整顺序，转换词性等，比如通过转换词性，可以把名词转为动词，或者把被动句调整为主动语态。。下面小编就和大家分享 口译技巧，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
口译技巧
1、句式调整
同传在词语的翻译上可以做到地道和相对准确，但句子结构不可能像交传那样按照中文的句式习惯组织安排，对于英汉传译，往往需要采用英语句式的顺序：
【例】Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.
【译】坦率地讲，思想和商品都将会在全球流通，不管有没有我们的帮助。
2、断句和巧用连词
处理长句是同传的基本功之一。翻译长句，除了断成译群外，还有一个关键要掌握，即英文句子之所以长是因为要避免重复使用同一个词，于是用 who、which、that 来代替主语或宾语，使得句子很长，而在中文中就不怕重复使用。
【例】That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the next European Union conference.
【译】那就是单一货币政策 // 该政策将在下一届欧盟会议上讨论。
为了保证译出语的连贯性和准确性，同传时尽量使用译入语的文法结构，在将其断为多个句群后可以使用一些润滑剂，即连词，将单个的句群联系起来。
3、调整顺序
在一些有after和before的句子中可以将其反说，比如：
【例】I would like to make one point clear before I move on to the next point.
【译】我想先澄清一下，然后再讲下一部分。
【例】I would like to move on to the next part after I clarify one point.
【译】我想谈下一部分，在这之前先澄清一点。
4、转换词性
☆ 名词转动词
【例】the development and application of new telecom service
【译】如果听到整句主语后才开始切入翻译会稍显滞后，此时可以试着将这些名词译成动词，这样其实也符合英语的表达方式。可译为：开发和运用新的电信业务。
【例】In China, the full opening up and the profound reform in the public services areas to the foreign encounter parts greatly give impetus to the development of the tertiary industry.
【译】可将此句译成：在中国， 全面开放和深化改革公共服务领域，并将其向国外同行开放，这会极大推动第三产业的发展。
还有一些同类表达：
clear evidence of 清楚地表明
give impetus to 有力地推动
an obvious violation of 显然违反了
☆ 被动转主动
英语中大量使用被动句，目的主要是为了强调或者平衡句子结构。这种表达方式与汉语有较大差别，造成翻译英语中的被动语态时比较吃力，特别是当句子主语较长时，在这种情况下，建议将语态由被动转成主动，往往会有柳暗花明之感：
【例】Arrangement must be made to guarantee the basic life necessities could be available to the people in the earthquake hit areas.
【译】 必须做出安排……
【译】China’s diplomatic practice is seriously guided by the five principles of mutual peaceful coexistence.
【译】中国的外交活动是严格遵循原则的，即和平共处五项原则。
5、及时调整错误
一般来说，在同传中不会有回过头来重新改正自己错误的可能性，但也不绝对，所以，如果具备了改错空间，当然提倡有错必改。
调整是同声翻译中的校译过程，是译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错译、补充漏译的重要环节。如英语中的时间、地点状语等大多出现在句尾，在使用“顺句驱动”翻译时，会出现译完主句又出现状语的情况。
2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译英译汉练习题
Climate Change: A Race We Must Win
We face a new era of climate crisis. July 2019 is the hottest month on record, and we are on track for 2015 to 2019 to be the five hottest years in human history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, with droughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet, bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to countries and to individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. The latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to 150 million people.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Such goals might seem too ambitious, but climate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of global warmings.
Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the natural world flourishes. This is the premise of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade. How can we as the global community work together as one?
To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres will host the 2019 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General Assembly. The Summit will bring together governments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and other international organizations to develop ambitious solutions in six areas: a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a ‘net zero’ economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries’ nationally determined contributions by 2020, in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade, and to achieve ‘net zero’ emissions by 2050.
As the second largest economy in the world, China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals. The country has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy, with more than US$125 billion dollars’ investment in renewable energy in 2017. New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries. Under the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has already exceeded full three per cent of its target, to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses, with an estimation of 18% of China’s total bus fleet being electrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. This demonstrates a significant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel from previous five-year plan targets. The benefits China has reaped from fostering its renewable energy sector and the green economy also offer a prime counter-example to the mistaken belief that economic vitality and growth is incompatible with efforts to combat climate change.
As the global challenge that does not respect national borders, climate change is an issue that requires solutions to be coordinated at the international level, with demand for all developed countries taking up greater responsibilities, and for developing countries moving toward low-carbon economy. In the meantime, as the world’s most populous country and one of the largest carbon emitters, China can play an even more vital role in tackling global climate change by maximizing its enormous potential for emission reduction and accelerating the current positive.
The UN is committed to working with the government of China, the private sector, NGOs, youth and other key stakeholders to support climate change reduction efforts in China, to raise awareness and build the next generation of climate leaders, as well as China’s growing support to other developing countries. Under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, UN and China can work closely together to make the best use of the investment in infrastructure to promote the transition from fossil fuel-intensive economy to green and low-carbon economy in developing countries and ensure the initiatives are in line with sustainable development goals. South-South Cooperation can also facilitate the exchanges of climate solutions – bringing China’s successful practices to developing world and customize the methodology to best serve the local context and needs. Considering the scale of China’s commitments, the potential impact these global engagements will have is unparalleled. Therefore, the UN is ready to continue its partnership with China to ensure that an agenda of environmental sustainability, of climate change mitigation and resilience is placed first and foremost at the head of China’s global development initiatives and investments.
Climate change is running faster than we are and we need to have a much more ambitious approach in what we do in order to defeat climate change – as this is a race that we can and must win.
气候变化：一场我们必须打赢的比赛
我们面临着气候危机的新时代。2019年7月是有记录以来最热的一个月，2015年至2019年有望成为人类历史上最热的5年。大气中的二氧化碳含量达到了人类历史上的最高点。与气候变化
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